司法書士とは

About a shiho-shoshi lawyer

A shiho-shoshi lawyer is a nationally-qualified professional
who primary represent clients in real estate or company registrations.

司法書士は、不動産や法人など登記手続きの専門家として、経済社会の発展と市民権利の保全に寄与して参りました。
そして、2002年の司法書士法改正によって、法務大臣の認定を受けた司法書士には簡易裁判所の訴訟代理権等が認められることになりました。
現在、70%を超える司法書士が法務大臣の認定を受け、140万円以下の民事事件の訴訟代理人として活躍しています。
その他、裁判所に提出する書類の作成及び本人訴訟支援、裁判以外での和解交渉を行うなど、日常の中で発生するさまざまな法律問題の解決やさまざまな相談に応じています。
このように、日本の近代国家がスタートした明治時代から140年以上の歴史を持つ司法書士は、「身近なくらしの中の法律家」として、日本全国の都市だけでなく小さな町にも事務所を構え、市民の生活に密着した法律業務を行っています。

◎司法書士の業務

1. 不動産登記の代理人
不動産登記とは、土地や建物に関する情報(所有者、面積、担保の有無など)を、法務局が管理する「登記記録」に記載し、これを広く社会に公開することによって、不動産取引の安全を図るための日本の制度です。司法書士は、不動産の売買、贈与、相続などによる名義変更や、抵当権、借地権に関する登記など、不動産の権利に関する登記についての手続きを代理して行います。日本における不動産登記申請業務は司法書士が担っており、不動産に関する様々な権利関係について、人・物・意思などの確認を行いながら、市民権利の保全に寄与しています。

2. 商業登記の代理人
日本では、会社などの法人は、会社法などの法律に定められた事項を、法務局が管理する「登記記録」に記載しなければなりません。役員変更、商号や目的を変更する場合だけでなく、増資、合併、会社分割などの組織編成をするといった、会社を大きく発展させるような場合にも、会社の登記は重要な役目を果たします。司法書士は、法人の登記申請の代理人となり、商業登記の専門家として取引の安全に寄与しています。

3. 成年後見人業務
認知症や知的障がいなどにより判断能力が十分でなく、自分で自分の財産を管理することが困難な方々のため、日本には、家庭裁判所が「成年後見人」などを選任してその財産などを守る「成年後見制度」があります。司法書士は、この「成年後見制度」を支えるため、1999年12月に 社団法人成年後見センター・リ ーガルサポート(現在は公益社団法人)をいち早く設立しました。現在、30%を超える※司法書士が所属し、成年後見業務に精力的に取り組んでおります。本人の親族でない第三者が後見人として選ばれる場合は、司法書士がもっとも多く後見人として家庭裁判所から選任されています。(※2014年6月現在)

4. 裁判所での訴訟業務等
日本には「簡易裁判所」と呼ばれる裁判所が全国各地に存在し、主に身近なトラブルを取り扱っています。法務大臣の認定を受けた司法書士(認定司法書士)もまた全国各地に存在し、簡易裁判所での140万円以内の民事訴訟や調停等の代理人として活躍しています。また司法書士は簡易裁判所の代理人になるだけでなく、広く裁判業務を行うことができます。地方裁判所や上級裁判所に提出する訴状や答弁書などの作成等を通じて「二人三脚」で本人訴訟の支援を行っています。

5. 帰化申請業務
日本で生まれ育った外国人の方や日本での永住を希望する方が日本国籍を取得するためには、法務大臣の許可が必要となります。日本国籍を取得する要件は厳しく、提出しなければならない書類も複雑です。司法書士は、この帰化手続のアドバイス、提出書類の作成、必要書類の収集などを通じて外国籍の方の日本国籍取得をお手伝いします。

6. その他の業務
日本には、「供託制度」があります。供託とは、金銭などを法務局に提出し、最終的にはその金銭等を特定の人に受け取らせることによって、一定の目的を達成させる制度のことです。例えば、アパートの賃貸料を供託したり、不動産売買を仲介する 業者など法律で定められた営業をするときの保証金を預けるときに利用します。司法書士は、この手続きの代理業務を行います。また、国土の狭い日本では、隣地との筆界を明らかにすることは重要なことですが、日本人はあまり争いを好まないので、裁判によらずに正しい筆界を法務局が特定する制度があります。司法書士は、「筆界特定手続」の代理業務を行います。

As specialists in registration procedures about real estate and juridical persons, Shiho-shoshi have contributed to the development of the economic society and the protection of citizens'rights.
According to the amendment of the Shiho-shoshi Act of 2002, Shiho-shoshi, certified by the Ministry of Justice, are granted the authority to represent clients in suits brought before courts of summary jurisdiction.
At present, more than 70%* of Shiho-shoshi have been certified by the Ministry of Justice and act as agents for suits in civil cases that concern matters up to¥1.4 million.
Shiho-shoshi may also have responsibilities to settle and provide consultation for various legal problems that might occur in everyday life, such as preparing documents to be submitted to courts, supporting "pro se" suits, holding extra-judicial settlement talks and acting as arbitrators in disputes.
Shiho-shoshi was first established as a profession more than 140 years ago to represent clients in matters relating to daily life beginning in the Meiji period.
Since then, Shiho-shoshi not only opened offices in major cities in Japan, but also in rural communities and towns stretched throughout Japan providing legal services based on the needs of the average citizen.

Operations of Judicial scrivener

1. Agents for immovable property registration
Immovable property registration is a Japanese system in which information concerning land and buildings (such as owner, area, existence or nonexistence of collateral} is described in the "registration records" managed by the Legal Affairs Bureau and publicly available, in order to promote confidence in the safety of real estate transactions.
Shiho-shoshi act as agents for undertaking the procedures for registration concerning rights to real estate, such as a change of name or title by sale and purchase, donations, inheritance of real estate and registration of mortgages and lease-holdings. Shiho-shoshi will assume the responsibility of making applications for immovable property registration in Japan and contribute to the protection of citizens'rights, by checks of people, material items and contractual intentions, so as to protect all parties'rights concerning real estate transactions.

2. Agents for commercial registration
In Japan, juridical persons such as companies are obliged to describe all matters stipulated in the Companies Act and other laws in the "registration records" managed by the Legal Affairs Bureau.
Corporate registration plays an important role when changing board members, company names or objectives and developing companies by corporate reorganization through capital increase, mergers or corporate separations and other such matters. Shiho-shoshi act as agents for such juridical persons in making applications for registration and contribute to the safety of transactions, as specialists in commercial registration.

3. Guardianship of adults
For those who have insufficient judgment capabilities, due to dementia, intellectual disabilities, 〇r similar problems and find it difficult to manage their own real and personal property, there is an "adult guardianship" system in Japan, in which the family court appoints a "guardian of an adult" who is charged with protecting the individual's assets.
To support this "adult guardianship" system, Shiho-shoshi established the Legal-Support Adult Guardian Center as an incorporated association (currently public-interest incorporated association) in December 1999. At present, more than 30%* of Shiho-shoshi belong to the center and are assiduously carrying out the necessary activities to protect the rights of elderly and disabled persons using this system.
When a third party, other than a relative is selected as a guardian, family courts usually select Shiho-shoshi. (*as of June 2014).

4. Lawsuits before a court
There are venues called "summary courts" across Japan, that handle mainly those problems that are familiar to average people. There are also many Shiho-shoshi, who are authorized by the Ministry of Justice (known as 'certified'Shiho-shoshi) all over the country and who act as agents in civil suits and mediation that handle cases up to¥1.4 million in such summary courts.
Shiho-shoshi are also permitted to conduct extensive court procedures in addition to agency.
Through the presentation of complaints and written responses that are submitted to district and superior courts, Shiho-shoshi can support "prose" suits in tandem with plaintiffs.

5. Appl" 1cat1ons for naturalization
For foreign nationals who were born and raised in Japan and who want to permanently reside therewith Japanese nationality, the permission of the Ministry of Justice is required. The requirements for Japanese nationality are fairly rigorous and the documentation that needs to be submitted can be fairly complicated.
Through providing advice on naturalization procedures, preparing application documents and collecting necessary evidence, Shiho-shoshi are able to assist foreign nationals to acquire Japanese nationality.

6. Other operations
There is a "deposit system" in Japan, under which monies may be submitted to the Legal Affairs Bureau and such funds may be issued to specific persons to accomplish certain aims. For example, the system is used when rents for apartments or deposits for a property purchase are made with real estate or brokerage companies for doing normal business stipulated under the law. Shiho-shoshi may conduct such agency operations about for such procedures. Also, since Japan has a relatively small land area, it is important to clarify the 'parcel boundaries'with neighboring land. Since Japanese people tend to dislike disputes, there is system in which the Legal Affairs Bureau identifies correct parcel boundaries without judicial decisions being made. Shiho-shoshi may conduct agency operations for "parcel-boundary-specific procedures".